Preteritum
Test kunnskapen dinDefinisjon av preteritum
Preteritum (simple past tense) brukes til å snakke om fullførte handlinger som skjedde før nå. Preteritum er fortidens grunnleggende form på engelsk. Handlingen kan ha skjedd nylig, eller i den fjerne fortiden, og handlingens varighet er ikke viktig.
Eksempler
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Du bruker alltid preteritum når du sier når noe skjedde, så det knyttes til bestemte fortidsuttrykk.
-
frekvens: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school. -
et bestemt tidspunkt: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night -
et ubestemt tidspunkt: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
NB! Ordet ago er en nyttig måte å uttrykke avstand i forhold til fortiden. Det plasseres etter tidsperioden: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Forming av preteritum
Preteritumsformen av regelrette verb
| Bekreftende | ||
| Subjekt | + verb + ed | |
| I | skipped. | |
| Nektende | ||
| Subjekt | + did not | + infinitiv uten to |
| They | didn't | go. |
| Spørrende | ||
| Did | + subjekt | + infinitiv uten to |
| Did | she | arrive? |
| Spørrende nektende | ||
| Did not | + subjekt | + infinitiv uten to |
| Didn't | you | play? |
To Walk
| Bekreftende | Nektende | Spørrende |
|---|---|---|
| I walked | I didn't walk | Did I walk? |
| You walked | You didn't walk | Did you walk? |
| He walked | He didn't walk | Did he walk? |
| We walked | We didn't walk | Did we walk? |
| They walked | They didn't walk | Did they walk? |
Preteritumsformen av verbene to be, to have, to do
| Subjekt | Verb | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Be | Have | Do | |
| I | was | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| He/She/It | was | had | did |
| We | were | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| They | were | had | did |
Notater om bekreftende, nektende og spørrende former
Bekreftende
Bekreftende formen av preteritum er enkel.
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
Spørrende og nektende
For den spørrende og nektende formen av verbet "to do" som et vanlig verb i preteritum, bruk hjelpeverbet "did". For eksempel: We didn't do our homework last night.
Den nektende formen av "have" i preteritum er vanligvis dannet ved å bruke hjelpeverbet "did", men av og til er det nok å legge til not eller kontraksjonen "n't".
Den spørrende formen av "have" i preteritum bruker vanligvis hjelpeverbet "did".
Eksempler
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We didn't have any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
NB! For de nektende og spørrende formene av alle verbene i preteritum, alltid bruk hjelpeverbet 'did''.
Preteritum, uregelrette verb
Noen verb har uregelrette preteritumsform. Her finner du de vanligste.
to go
- He went to a club last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night?
- He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
- We gave her a doll for her birthday.
- They didn't give John their new address.
- Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
- My parents came to visit me last July.
- We didn't come because it was raining.
- Did he come to your party last week?